Carbamazepine

Pharmacological action :

analgesic, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, normotimic, timoleptic
Name in Cyrillic : КАРБАМАЗЕПИН
Carbamazepine blocks sodium channels of membranes of hyperactive nerve cells, reduces the effect of stimulating neurotransmitter amino acids (glutamate, aspartate), enhances inhibitory (GABAergic) processes and interaction with central adenosine receptors. Antimanic properties of Carbamazepine are caused by oppression of the metabolism of dopamine and norepinephrine. Anticonvulsant action of Carbamazepine is manifested with partial and generalized seizures (grand mal). Carbamazepine is effective (especially in children and adolescents) to relieve the symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as reduce irritability and aggressiveness (epilepsy). Carbamazepine prevents attacks of neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve, reduces the severity of clinical manifestations of alcohol withdrawal (including agitation, tremor, gait disorders) and reduces convulsive activity. With diabetes insipidus Carbamazepine lowers diuresis and thirst.

Indications :

Epilepsy (excluding petit mal), manic conditions, prevention of manic-depressive disorders, alcohol withdrawal, neuralgia of the trigeminal and pharyngeal nerves, diabetic neuropathy.

Contrindications

Hypersensitivity (including to tricyclic antidepressants), AV-blockade, myelosuppression or acute porphyria in the anamnesis.

Possible side effects of Carbamazepine

Dizziness, agitation, hallucinations, depression, aggressive behavior, psychosis activation, headache, diplopia, accommodation disorders, lens opacity, nystagmus, conjunctivitis, tinnitus, taste changes, speech disorders (dysarthria, slurred speech), abnormal involuntary movements, peripheral neuritis, paresthesia, muscle weakness and symptoms of paresis, AV blockade, congestive heart failure, hyper- or hypotension, thromboembolism, renal dysfunction, interstitial nephritis, nausea, vomiting, increased level of hepatic enzymes, jaundice, hepatitis, osteomalacia, sexual dysfunction, mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hematopoiesis disorders, hyponatremia, multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions of delayed type, exfoliative dermatitis, lupus-like syndrome (skin rash, urticaria, hyperthermia, sore throat, joints, weakness ), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell, anaphylactic reactions.

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